(Vietnamese_(Hanoi)_MFA_dictionary_v3_0_0)=
# Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v3.0.0

``````{dictionary} Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v3.0.0
:id: "Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v3_0_0"
:tags: Vietnamese;MFA;IPA
:language: "Vietnamese"
:dialect: Hanoi
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v3.0.0/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```

   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`vietnamese_(hanoi)_mfa_g2p_model_v3_0_0`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v3.0.0/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 325
        * Examples
          * mười: [m ɨə˨˨ j]
          * mùi: [m uː˨˨ j]
          * năm: [n a˨˨ m]
          * tham: [tʰ aː˨˨ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 440
        * Examples
          * nửa: [n ɨə˨˩˨]
          * tán: [t aː˨˦ n]
          * cuốn: [k uə˨˦ n]
          * gián: [z aː˨˦ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 169
        * Examples
          * cảnh: [k a˨˩˨ ɲ]
          * kính: [k i˨˦ ɲ]
          * nành: [n a˨˨ ɲ]
          * nhân: [ɲ ə˨˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 318
        * Examples
          * chặng: [tɕ a˨˩ˀ ŋ]
          * rưng: [z ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
          * ngán: [ŋ aː˨˦ n]
          * trừng: [tɕ ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 1
        * Examples
          * pin: [p iː˨˨ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 185
        * Examples
          * tầng: [t ə˨˨ ŋ]
          * tít: [t iː˦˥ t̚]
          * tín: [t iː˨˦ n]
          * túng: [t u˨˦ ŋm]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 39
        * Examples
          * bạch: [ɓ a˨˩ c]
          * nhích: [ɲ i˦˥ c]
          * rịch: [z i˨˩ c]
          * thích: [tʰ i˦˥ c]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 228
        * Examples
          * cực: [k ɨ˨˩]
          * quá: [k w aː˨˦]
          * cưng: [k ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
          * cười: [k ɨə˨˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 96
        * Examples
          * ước: [ʔ ɨə˦˥]
          * ạch: [ʔ a˨˩ c]
          * anh: [ʔ a˨˨ ɲ]
          * áng: [ʔ aː˨˦ ŋ]
    ```
* - {submanner}`Aspirated`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʰ
        * Occurrences: 156
        * Examples
          * thần: [tʰ ə˨˨ n]
          * thuý: [tʰ w iː˨˦]
          * thánh: [tʰ a˨˦ ɲ]
          * thảo: [tʰ aː˨˩˨ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {submanner}`Implosive`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɓ
        * Occurrences: 144
        * Examples
          * băn: [ɓ a˨˨ n]
          * biếm: [ɓ iə˨˦ m]
          * bước: [ɓ ɨə˦˥]
          * bão: [ɓ aː˨ˀ˥ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɗ
        * Occurrences: 164
        * Examples
          * đất: [ɗ ə˦˥]
          * đảm: [ɗ aː˨˩˨ m]
          * đốm: [ɗ oː˨˦ m]
          * đam: [ɗ aː˨˨ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {submanner}`Unreleased`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p̚
        * Occurrences: 98
        * Examples
          * ghép: [ɣ ɛː˦˥ p̚]
          * chớp: [tɕ əː˦˥ p̚]
          * mập: [m ə˨˩ p̚]
          * tấp: [t ə˦˥ p̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̚
        * Occurrences: 177
        * Examples
          * hạt: [h aː˨˩ t̚]
          * lượt: [l ɨə˨˩ t̚]
          * phớt: [f əː˦˥ t̚]
          * bớt: [ɓ əː˦˥ t̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k̚
        * Occurrences: 92
        * Examples
          * đặc: [ɗ a˨˩ k̚]
          * biếc: [ɓ iə˦˥ k̚]
          * đác: [ɗ aː˦˥ k̚]
          * đức: [ɗ ɨ˦˥ k̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 234
        * Examples
          * chết: [tɕ eː˦˥]
          * châm: [tɕ ə˨˨ m]
          * chẳng: [tɕ a˨˩˨ ŋ]
          * chút: [tɕ uː˦˥ t̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 176
        * Examples
          * sưa: [s ɨə˨˨]
          * say: [s a˨˨ j]
          * xăm: [s a˨˨ m]
          * xoáy: [s w a˨˦ j]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 220
        * Examples
          * rạng: [z aː˨˩ˀ ŋ]
          * giọng: [z ɔ˨˩ˀ ŋm]
          * dãy: [z a˨ˀ˥ j]
          * dâu: [z ə˨˨ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 65
        * Examples
          * phạm: [f aː˨˩ˀ m]
          * phách: [f a˦˥ c]
          * phục: [f u˨˩ kp]
          * phôi: [f oː˨˨ j]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 95
        * Examples
          * vạn: [v aː˨˩ˀ n]
          * van: [v aː˨˨ n]
          * vòi: [v ɔː˨˨ j]
          * vướng: [v ɨə˨˦ ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 153
        * Examples
          * hầm: [h ə˨˨ m]
          * hình: [h i˨˨ ɲ]
          * hợp: [h əː˨˩ p̚]
          * hạch: [h a˨˩ c]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 378
        * Examples
          * ngoặt: [ŋ w a˨˩]
          * quyển: [k w iə˨˩˨ n]
          * thuật: [tʰ w ə˨˩ t̚]
          * nghèo: [ŋ ɛː˨˨ w]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 303
        * Examples
          * tai: [t aː˨˨ j]
          * thòi: [tʰ ɔː˨˨ j]
          * tôi: [t oː˨˨ j]
          * bẫy: [ɓ ə˨ˀ˥ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 163
        * Examples
          * lụt: [l uː˨˩ t̚]
          * lùng: [l u˨˨ ŋm]
          * leo: [l ɛː˨˨ w]
          * lại: [l aː˨˩ˀ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 59
        * Examples
          * vịnh: [v i˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * lính: [l i˨˦ ɲ]
          * lịch: [l i˨˩ c]
          * chỉnh: [tɕ i˨˩˨ ɲ]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 138
        * Examples
          * nhí: [ɲ iː˨˦]
          * nhịp: [ɲ iː˨˩]
          * quỹ: [k w iː˨ˀ˥]
          * nhỉ: [ɲ iː˨˩˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 85
        * Examples
          * thực: [tʰ ɨ˨˩]
          * cực: [k ɨ˨˩ k̚]
          * sửu: [s ɨ˨˩˨ w]
          * trưng: [tɕ ɨ˨˨ ŋ]
      * ɨː
        * Occurrences: 42
        * Examples
          * khử: [x ɨː˨˩˨]
          * giữ: [z ɨː˨ˀ˥]
          * trừ: [tɕ ɨː˨˨]
          * ngự: [ŋ ɨː˨˩ˀ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 61
        * Examples
          * phục: [f u˨˩ kp]
          * khúc: [x u˦˥ kp]
          * mục: [m u˨˩ kp]
          * lúc: [l u˦˥ kp]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 109
        * Examples
          * bút: [ɓ uː˦˥ t̚]
          * ngủ: [ŋ uː˨˩˨]
          * lún: [l uː˨˦ n]
          * lũi: [l uː˨ˀ˥ j]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 6
        * Examples
          * bệnh: [ɓ e˨˩ˀ ɲ]
          * chênh: [tɕ e˨˨ ɲ]
          * kênh: [k e˨˨ ɲ]
          * mệnh: [m e˨˩ˀ ɲ]
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 102
        * Examples
          * chết: [tɕ eː˦˥ t̚]
          * ghế: [ɣ eː˨˦]
          * mệt: [m eː˨˩]
          * thể: [tʰ eː˨˩˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 59
        * Examples
          * hổng: [h o˨˩˨ ŋm]
          * bộc: [ɓ o˨˩ kp]
          * động: [ɗ o˨˩ˀ ŋm]
          * mộng: [m o˨˩ˀ ŋm]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 170
        * Examples
          * trộn: [tɕ oː˨˩ˀ n]
          * dối: [z oː˨˦ j]
          * phối: [f oː˨˦ j]
          * một: [m oː˨˩ t̚]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 286
        * Examples
          * luận: [l w ə˨˩ˀ n]
          * bẩy: [ɓ ə˨˩˨ j]
          * bấy: [ɓ ə˨˦ j]
          * dẫm: [z ə˨ˀ˥ m]
      * əː
        * Occurrences: 128
        * Examples
          * đợi: [ɗ əː˨˩ˀ j]
          * bớt: [ɓ əː˦˥]
          * nhờ: [ɲ əː˨˨]
          * hởi: [h əː˨˩˨ j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 126
        * Examples
          * chẽ: [tɕ ɛː˨ˀ˥]
          * đèn: [ɗ ɛː˨˨ n]
          * khỏe: [x w ɛː˨˩˨]
          * nghẹt: [ŋ ɛː˨˩]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 48
        * Examples
          * xong: [s ɔ˨˨ ŋm]
          * phóng: [f ɔ˨˦ ŋm]
          * nhọc: [ɲ ɔ˨˩ kp]
          * mọng: [m ɔ˨˩ˀ ŋm]
      * ɔː
        * Occurrences: 117
        * Examples
          * kho: [x ɔː˨˨]
          * món: [m ɔː˨˦ n]
          * nhỏ: [ɲ ɔː˨˩˨]
          * rót: [z ɔː˦˥ t̚]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 262
        * Examples
          * tặng: [t a˨˩ˀ ŋ]
          * sẵn: [s a˨ˀ˥ n]
          * mày: [m a˨˨ j]
          * mãnh: [m a˨ˀ˥ ɲ]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 520
        * Examples
          * lạt: [l aː˨˩ t̚]
          * đãi: [ɗ aː˨ˀ˥ j]
          * cát: [k aː˦˥ t̚]
          * doạ: [z w aː˨˩ˀ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`iə`
* {ipa_inline}`uə`
* {ipa_inline}`ɨə`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˦˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨ˀ˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩ˀ`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˨`